Andrology - Male Fertility Specialists

Clinicians and scientists who specialize in the diagnosis,treatment, and study of diseases of the male reproductive system are referred to as andrologists. A laboratory assessment of semen includes ejaculate volume, sperm density, motility (ability to move spontaneously) and morphology (variety in shape). Commonly semen contains from 60 to 150 million sperm per milliliter. A count below 20 million/mL may reduce chances of impregnation. Hormone levels in the blood are also determined.

The hypothalamus and pituitary glands release hormones that regulate the production of sperm in the testicles. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland; GnRH controls the secretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary gland. Leydig cells in the testicles respond to LH to make testosterone - an essential factor in sperm creation - FSH stimulates Sertoli cells, also in the testicles, to produce certain growth factors important in the production of sperm.The correct balance of FSH, LH, testosterone and prolactin (another hormone produced by the anterior pituitary) is closely related to normal sperm production.